In wastewater treatment, aeration is often the single largest energy consumer, sometimes accounting for more than half of the total plant energy usage. At the heart of many aeration systems lies the Roots blower, a robust and reliable machine designed to deliver consistent airflow under varying process conditions.
Selecting the correct Roots blower is not simply a matter of choosing a capacity or matching a pressure rating. It requires a deeper understanding of process requirements, system dynamics, and the interaction between mechanical and biological performance.
Roots blowers are classified as positive displacement machines. Unlike centrifugal blowers, which depend on dynamic energy transfer, Roots blowers move a fixed volume of air per revolution. This makes them particularly suitable for applications requiring stable and predictable airflow.
In wastewater treatment plants, Roots blowers are commonly used in:
- Equalization tanks (Mixing),
- Aeration and Nitrification Tank,
- Airlift RAS System,
- Scouring & Backwashing systems of MBR,
- Sludge Holding
Their primary role is to supply oxygen to microorganisms that break down organic pollutants. The effectiveness of this process depends not only on the amount of air delivered but also on how efficiently it is distributed within the system.
Basic Working Principle of Roots Blower
A Roots blower operates using two counter-rotating lobes inside a casing. As the lobes rotate:
- Air is drawn into the inlet at low pressure
- Air is trapped in pockets between the lobes and casing
- The trapped air is carried to the outlet
- Air is discharged against system pressure
It is important to note that compression does not occur internally in the same way as in a screw compressor. Instead, pressure builds up when the transported air meets resistance at the discharge side.
This characteristic leads to several important implications:
- Flow rate is relatively constant
- Pressure is system-dependent
- Efficiency is influenced by downstream system.
- Stable operation
- Energy efficiency
- Long-term reliability
- Process requirements
- Mechanical performance
- System interaction

